The first space suit worn by a human in space was the Soviet SK-1 suit worn by Yuri Gagarin in 1961. The first full-pressure suits for use at extreme altitudes were designed by individual inventors as early as the 1930s. At altitudes above the Armstrong limit, around 19,000 m (62,000 ft), water boils at body temperature and pressurized suits are needed. Some of these requirements also apply to pressure suits worn for other specialized tasks, such as high-altitude reconnaissance flight. They must protect the wearer against all conditions of space, as well as provide mobility and functionality. EVA suits, such as the EMU, are used outside spacecraft, for either planetary exploration or spacewalks. They include more protection from the harsh conditions of space, such as protection from micrometeoroids and extreme temperature change. IEVA suits are meant for use inside and outside the spacecraft, such as the Gemini G4C suit. IVA suits are meant to be worn inside a pressurized spacecraft, and are therefore lighter and more comfortable. Three types of space suits exist for different purposes: IVA (intravehicular activity), EVA (extravehicular activity), and IEVA (intra/extravehicular activity). A self-contained oxygen supply and environmental control system is frequently employed to allow complete freedom of movement, independent of the spacecraft. Modern space suits augment the basic pressure garment with a complex system of equipment and environmental systems designed to keep the wearer comfortable, and to minimize the effort required to bend the limbs, resisting a soft pressure garment's natural tendency to stiffen against the vacuum. Space suits have been worn for such work in Earth orbit, on the surface of the Moon, and en route back to Earth from the Moon. Space suits are often worn inside spacecraft as a safety precaution in case of loss of cabin pressure, and are necessary for extravehicular activity (EVA), work done outside spacecraft. Garment worn to keep a human alive in the harsh environment of outer spaceĪpollo spacesuit worn by astronaut Buzz Aldrin on Apollo 11 Orlan space suit worn by astronaut Michael Fincke outside the International Space Station Feitian space suit being displayed at the National Museum of ChinaĪ space suit or spacesuit is a garment worn to keep a human alive in the harsh environment of outer space, vacuum and temperature extremes.
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